EIPR Files a Legal Memorandum Before the State Council Against the Ministry Of Interior's Decision to Impose Prior Travel Authorisation on Women

Press Release

2 June 2025

On Saturday, 31 May 2025, the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR) submitted a memorandum to the State Council against the Ministry of Interior's previously imposed administrative decision, which requires many women to obtain prior travel authorisation before they are allowed to leave the country for Saudi Arabia. The court adjourned the case to September 9, 2025, for review.

EIPR had joined lawyer Hani Sameh in his appeal dated November 2024, before the court against the Interior Ministry's decision, asking the court to suspend the implementation of the administrative body's decision as a provisional measure, and to revoke the decision based on its violation of the fundamental rights of Egyptian women. 

EIPR lawyers submitted a memorandum to the court in response to the state's defences to the appeal, in which they refuted the defences of lack of standing submitted by the Egyptian State Lawsuits Authority. The memorandum also responded to the argument that there was no administrative decision subject to adjudication, asserting that the decision of the General Directorate of Passports, Immigration and Nationality at the Ministry of Interior to impose prior travel permits on large categories of women is a legal act issued by an administrative authority that affects the rights and duties of others without their consent and is therefore subject to challenge before the State Council courts. The memorandum also detailed the points where this administrative decision conflicts with the basic constitutional rights of Egyptian women to freedom of movement and equality. The memorandum included a review of judicial precedents supporting this challenge.

In October 2024, the General Directorate of Passports, Immigration and Nationality at the Ministry of Interior circulated an administrative decision that requires large groups of women, and only those groups of women (including housewives and workers in certain professions), to obtain prior authorisation to travel to Saudi Arabia, whether for visitation or work. In addition to the decision's blatant discrimination against women, it was phrased in a way that demeaned a majority of Egypt's women by labelling them as ‘lower categories’. While the decision discriminated between men and women in terms of freedom of movement and travel to Saudi Arabia, it stratified women into upper categories that are not subject to this decision and lower categories that include housewives, non-workers, babysitters, fashion designers, diploma-degree holders and others. This language espouses more than just vulgar discrimination against them, but also an unacceptable contempt and belittlement of the struggles and labour of most women in Egypt.

The State Commissioners Authority submitted its report to the State Council in December 2024, recommending that the appeal be accepted and that the administrative authority's decision be cancelled, with all its consequences nullified. The report of the State Commissioners Authority came to clarify that the administrative decision conflicts with women's constitutional rights to equality, empowerment, and freedom of movement, and reviewed the judicial basis recognising the validity of the appeal, and saw in the administrative decision a violation of equality and an an act of constitutionally prohibited discrimination, with references to Articles 12, 53, and 62 of the Constitution, which recognise the rights to equality, non-discrimination, and the right to freedom of movement.